练习翻译基本功,首先要培养良好的学习习惯,训练听说读写译的基本能力,而且要大胆放开去说英语。在学会了翻译的同时,也要保有自己书写的能力。在交稿之前尝试读给自己听,小声唇读就可以,会发现不少错误。
翻译是一个日积月累的过程,积累词汇表达,特别是具有国内特色的词汇,随手可以记下中英的对照表达,作为自己的知识储备,以备不时之需。
我们从政府工作报告中选出了几个具有国内特色的译文进行讲解:
例1.“按照出手要快,出拳要重,措施要准,工作要实的要求”
in accordance with the requirement that we act fast, be forceful, take targeted measures and stress implementation; take fast, forceful, targeted and effective measures as required; We must act fast, be forceful, take targeted measures and stress implementation as required.
例2.八荣八耻
以热爱祖国为荣、以危害祖国为耻,以服务人民为荣、以背离人民为耻,以崇尚科学为荣、以愚昧无知为耻,以辛勤劳动为荣、以好逸恶劳为耻,以团结互助为荣、以损人利己为耻,以诚实守法为荣、以违法乱纪为耻,以艰苦奋斗为荣、以骄奢淫逸为耻。
eight honors and eight shames (or disgraces); eight dos and don’ts (i.e. Honor to those who love the motherland, and shame on those who harm the motherland; honor to those who serve the people, and shame on those who betray the people; honor to those who uphold science, and shame on those who refuse to be educated; honor to those who are hardworking, and shame on those who indulge in rolling comfort and hate work; honor to those who help each other, and shame on those who seek personal gains at the expense of others; honor to those who are trustworthy, and shame on those who treat integrity for profits; honor to those who abide by law and discipline, and shame on those who break laws and disciplines; honor to those who go in for plain living and hard struggle, and shame on those who indulge in extravagance and pleasures.)
例3.“三农”问题
issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers
例4.“权为民所用、情为民所系、利为民所谋”
exercise power in the interest of the people, share the feelings of the people and work for the good of the people / exercise power for the people, show concern for the people and bring benefit to the people / use the power for the people, share the feelings of the people and work for the interests of the people
例5.“全国人民总体上实现了由温饱向小康的跨越”
The Chinese people nationwide have jumped from the stage of having enough to eat and wear to that of living a better-off life.
例6.全面直接双向“三通”
complete, direct, two-way mail, transport and trade links
例7.“推行教师聘任制、考核制,打破铁饭碗”
to implement the systems of appointment and assessment among teachers who no longer hold “iron rice bowl”, or a secure job
例8.做到发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享
ensure that development is for the people, by the people and with the people sharing in its fruits
无论到什么时候,都要扎扎实实地学习基本功,学习翻译基本功的小窍门:
1、翻译没有捷径,勤奋是必须的。练习名著翻译,对照名家找差距。
2、工具书是不可缺少的。
对国内特色的内容,王老师推荐北大出版社的《汉英国内专有名称和术语简明字典》;
针对国内的机构名称,推荐《汉英国内机构手册》和今日国内出版的《汉英国内机构名称手册》以及《汉英中外组织机构名称手册》;
涉及到宗教的说法,推荐《汉英英汉世界宗教词典》;
其他翻译方面的知识,推荐《汉英双解成语词典》、《常用藏语人名地名字典》、《汉英古今常用词汇词典》以及新世界出版社出版的《国内关键词》,《国内关键词》对于现在国内一些特有说法可以给大家很好的参考。
3、汉译英要避免“Chinglish”的问题。
4、内宣与外宣的口径应该不同。我们对内讲话和对外讲话的主语是不一样的。中文的重复和啰嗦的内容,在译成英语时要注意。中文爱用形容词,有个人倾向、主观性强的词汇译成英语时也要注意减少。
5、翻译的流程通常是拿到稿子之后,先至少读两遍,弄清中文,再根据文章主题去找参考、做功课。如果有和翻译前辈在一起工作的机会,一定要从前辈身上多学习。还有要不耻下问,翻译是个不断学习的过程,能得到别人的指导是一个提高自己的捷径。
6、校对稿件的时候要使用正确的校对符号。
7、语料库的积累。通常要找中英对照的资料,比如政府工作报告和领导人的重要讲话等。
8、借助网络的力量,一些机构名称、活动名、人名、生卒年、新词等都可以从互联网上获取。
9、一些翻译规则也需要掌握:比如标点符号、大小写、朝代要加上时间、缩写、铁路线名称、区域名称(京津翼、大湾区)等。
10、平时学习时可以读原著、看英文电影电视剧、学习唱英文歌。可以每天**半小时的英文内容收看,还要用纸笔做记录,练习反应速度,比如先看中文字幕,在脑子里反映英文,再和字幕中的英文表达作对照,记下一些好的表达。歌曲是文化的一种表现,比如国内的戏曲,可以学习其中的表达,并培养语感。
11、口语好,笔译一定棒。王老师认为同传是翻译的**高境界,因为对翻译的体力、综合实力、脑中丰富的语料库,反应、加工速度,表达能力都有很高的要求。
12、要有记录工作的良好习惯。算语料库的一部分,是对自己工作的总结。也方便计算稿费,为评职称积累翻译量。
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