视译练习是进行口译训练不可或缺的步骤,视译练习该如何开展呢?不放参考以下几点原则。
一、断句
所谓断句是指将英语或汉语句子按照适当的意群或概念单位,进行切割处理并译成汉语或英语。例如:
1.I come to China /at an important time.
译:我来到国内访问,正逢一个重要的时刻。
2.They built the bridge /in two months.
译:他们建这座桥,只花了两个月。
二、等待
等待是指在视中有意识地等一下,等到上下文比较清除时再开口翻译。
1.They are trying hard to realize theobjective of modernization /and democratization.
译:他们正在努力实现(等一下)现代化和民主化的目标。
2.There remains a sizable gap betweenaspiration/ and accomplishment.
译:愿望与成果之间仍有相当大的差距。
三、转换
转换指词类变换。英语中非动词可以转换成汉语动词,如英语名词、介词、形容词和副词等都可以转换成汉语动词。
1.Every state is the best judge of what isrequired to safeguard its national security.
译:每个国家自己才能**好地判断需要什么来保卫自己的国家安全。
2.The chairman of the working group has givena report on the work of the group.
译:工作组主席汇报了改组的工作。
3.感谢你为我们所作的如此精心的安排。
译:Thank you for your thoughtful arrangements.
四、重复
重复也是视译中常用的技巧。重复可以出于各种目的,如语法、修辞、突出重点等。
1.I hope the meeting will not be too long ,forit will only waste time.
译:我希望这次会议不要开得太久,太久(这)会浪费时间。
2.He left for London as soon as he receivedthe instruction from his boss.
译:他启程去了伦敦。收到老板的指示之后他就动身了。
五、增补
中文重意合,英文重形合,这一特点意味着中译英时,需做许多增补。如,“他不干我干,”译成中文时,就要判断出上下文所确定的准确含义,并增加相应的连接词,即假设关系:“(如果)他不干,我干”;因果关系:“(因为)他不干,我干”。还有其它种种关系。英译中增补也是必不可少的方法。
1.Implementation of international human rightsstandards must be pursued with vigor.
译:贯彻**人权标准的工作必须大力进行。
2.United Nations system organizations differin terms of mandates, structure and professional capacity.
译:联合国系统组织各有差异,在职权、结构、和业务方面都是如此。
3.Primary attention should be given to scienceand technology for development.
六、省略
原话中有些短语或词汇,在译语中不必翻译出来。
1.The country has increased its overallstrength.
译:该国综合国力大增。
2.Will all those who are in favor of thisdraft resolution, please raise your hands ?
译:赞成的请举手。
七、反说
1.I couldn’t agree with you more.
译:我完全同意你的意见。
2.We shall decide on procedural matters beforewe start a general debate.
译:我们将决定程序问题,然后再开始一般性辩论。
3.No nation can live in peace without thesesprinciples.
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